Data Definitions
General DataTop
Observers
Record the number of observers contributing to the count for the hour noted.
Duration
Specify the observing time in hours or decimal parts of an hour e.g. 1 or .75. (HMANA uses minutes.)
Flight Direction
Enter compass direction migrants are heading. Acceptable values are:
N S E W
NW NE SW SE
NNE NNW SSE SSW
ENE ESE WNW WSW
Flight Height
Record the average height of birds. Acceptable values are:
H for High – well above the tree line
L for Low – just above the tree line or lower
Note that M for Medium is not defined
Hmana uses codes as follows:
0 for Below eye level
1 for Eye level to about 30 meters
2 for Birds seen easily with unaided eye (eyeglasses not counted as aids)
3 for At limit of unaided vision
4 for Beyond limit of unaided eye but visible with binoculars up to 10X in power
5 for At limit of binoculars
6 for Beyond limit of binoculars 10X or less, but can detect with binoculars or telescope of greater power (Mark "1" in COMMENT box and note magnification)
WeatherTop
Wind Speed
Record the wind speed as:
L for Low meaning Beaufort 0‐2 or 1‐11 km/h
M for Medium menaing Baufort 3 or 12‐19 km/h
H for High meaning Beaufort 4 or 20‐28 km/h
VH for Very High meaning Beaufort 5 or higher or 29 km/h and up
HMANA uses the Beaufort Scale code as follows:
0 for less than 1 km/h, (calm, smoke rises vertically)
1 for 1‐5 km/h, (smoke drift shows wind direction)
2 for 6‐11 km/h, (leaves rustle, wind felt on face)
3 for 12‐19 km/h, (leaves, small twigs in constant motion; light flag extended)
4 for 20‐28 km/h (raises dust, leaves, loose paper; small branches in motion)
5 for 29‐38 km/h (small trees in leaf sway)
6 for 39‐49 km/h (larger branches in motion; whistling heard in wires)
7 for 50‐61 km/h (whole trees in motion; resistance felt walking against the wind)
8 for 62‐74 km/h (twigs small branches broken off trees; walking generally impeded)
9 for 75 km/h or more
Wind Direction
Enter compass direction from which the wind is coming. Acceptable values are:
N S E W
NW NE SW SE
NNE NNW SSE SSW
ENE ESE WNW WSW
If variable winds or no wind leave the direction blank. (HMANA uses VAR.)
Temperature
Record temperature in degrees C.
Humidity
Record the percent relative humidity.
Barometric Pressure
Record barometric pressure in kPa. (HMANA uses inches. kilopascals x 0.2953 = inches of mercury at 0°C).
Cloud Cover
Record percent of sky with background cloud cover.
Visibility
Record the visibility as follows:
CL for clear, or good or very good
H for Haze or slight haze
F for fog or foggy or some fog
HMANA says to judge from your longest view and enter distance in kilometers.
Precipitation
Record the presence or absence of precipitation as:
Y for yes meaning any precipitation at all
N for no meaning no precipitation
HMANA uses codes as follows:
0 for none
1 for Haze or Fog
2 for Drizzle
3 for Rain
4 for Thunderstorm
5 for Snow
6 for wind driven dust, sand or snow